نشریه مطالعات ملی
سال دوازدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 48، زمستان 1390)

Identity is a reply to the question of humans " who" and "what", and it is a question and dilemma for human being in new era. Actually identity in its highest collective level, which is called "national identity", indicates similarities and differences between its holders; similarities with collective "we" s' and difference from "others". It is possible to say that, identity perturbation has a background as long as human history. In ever changing today's' world, many thinkers drawn attention to identity question, and from different approaches measured its scopes. The present article, studies some scopes of Iranian national identity (included territorial, cultural and linguistic aspects) and explicates the present situation of Iranian national identity. Survey method with questionnaire technique applied in present study. By reference to special characteristic of Tehran city which is a sample of total country, the universe of this study contain 1700 person in this city. Findings indicate respondents shown high level of belongings to national society. Furthermore, the comparison of the level of belongings, commitment and awareness between three studied scopes, the lowest level observed in belongings to linguistic scope of national identity.

This article explores the relationship between levels of education on the one hand and social and national coherence on the other. Nowadays, education is a key variable in the development of social enhancement and in the growth of the social capital. Scholars in sociology regard education as one of the most important factors for the development of social awareness, social unity, and social participation. Social Solidarity refers to the links between social networks amidst certain social actions and social actors. Social Solidarity is nowadays the center of attention as a key to success as well as a basis for social identity. This study is descriptive and the data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. The population of the study included all citizens in Kashan in 2010 from which 400 were randomly selected using Cochran’s formula. The analysis of the data using SPSS revealed significant Pearson Correlation between the two key Variables (r= 0.391, P<0.01).

The main purpose of this research is the study of Secondary school literature, history and social science text books emphasis on Islamic & Iranian identity. Research method is quantitative and qualitative content analysis of the type of Segmantation Categorial. Statistical research population includes Secondary school literature, history and cici teaching text books that covers 1048 pages. Research Sampling consists of a simple random sampling and the total sample size is 198 pages. The data gathering instrument consists of a researcher made check list. Validity and reliability of cheklist were determined by content validity and Cronbach's alpha about 89% and also analysis unit has been sentence.The findings show that three books of history with47/73% in the first rank, three books of literature with 22/56% in the second and three books of social science with 10/33% in the third rank have an emphasis on Islamic & Iranian identity.

Ta'ziyeh is a form of Iranian musical pageant that is the theatrical expression of religious passion; based on the Battle of Karbala and performed annually. The nucleus of the taziyeh is the heroic martyrdom of Imam Hussein(p.b), the grandson of the prophet Muhammad(p.b) and has inspired by Culture, literature and ancient Persian mythology. Ta'ziyeh has taken a deep relationship with many factors including: religion, myth and folk tales of traditional society and culture. The purpose of this article is to represent how ritual and religious identities, can be expressed in the visual arts of Mazandaran. After review of the foundations and taziyeh's concepts, this paper detects relationship of taziyeh, with ritual and religious identity and reflects the impact of Archetypes and Myths in the visual arts of Mazandaran in Qajar era. After analysis of designs, this result was obtained that: religious contents of Taziyeh's literature had the greatest role in decorating Saqanefars buildings.

Because of its structural, cultural, social and historical conditions, Iran has various ethnic, religious, and racial types. On the other hand, as an element of large Islamic nation, Iran encounters various complex cultural conditions. The nature and origin of unity and unification are the common points between these organs at both national and Islamic nation’s level. In fact, the basic fund of unity is assets and common elements of that society. One should seek the departure of this issue by common understanding and comprehension of the numbers of that society (including individuals, populations, groups, and so on). In fact, the social activists can be faithful to common values of society and also save their special values. In this survey, students are our social activists who their attitudes are formed because of different conditions and factors effects toward national unity and Islamic integration. So, the question that exists here is that how the students of Islamic Azad University of region 11 think about the national unity and Islamic integration, and which factors affect their attitude and what are the mechanism and dynamism of these factors? Population sample of survey selected according to Cochran formula is 325 and is collected by questionaire and interview. Among the hypothesis of the survey, 5 of which are approved and correlation among the variables of "the rate of government trust", "the rate of participation in civilized meetings", "the rate of political participation", "the rate of moral and theological gravities", and "public social sense of being" and variables of "national unity and Islamic integration" has been approved meaningfully. In a linear equation that was obtained through regression, it was seen that two variables of "rate of government trust" and "public social sense of being", clarify about 226% of variance changes of dependent variables. The results indicate that by the way students are faithful to national values; they also obey the Islamic cultural values. So, national unification can be toward the Islamic unity. This gravity indicates the understanding and comprehension of those students of "the unity of the word".

Identity is one of the most complex concepts of Social Sciences. Putting forthdiscussions on origins, ways of development and continuity of macro collective identities like National and Historical ones,has added to its complexity. Thus, it is advisible to have a special look at historical data in all its branches including local historiography while analysing and surveying new approaches to the issue of Identity. Being inspired by elements of Iranian Identity and to maintain their regional legacies,local historiographers during the first centuries of Islam have appealed to creating works in the field of local histories many of which enjoy native and local features and are directly linked to Iran's history. In a morphological look at them,they can be divided into Casts',Graves' and Tribes' local histories. Through paying attention to historical aspects of Identity, this paper aims areviewing the issue of Iranian Identity and historiography on the basis of written local histories from the very begining of Islam up to the 14th century. While evaluating identity features in them,we can search for the process of Iran's territorial,political and cultural continuity from one side and determine the role and place of local historiography as a crucial branch of Iranian-Islamic historiography from the other.

Traditional Iranian art of Iranian identity is one of the substrates. And Persian carpets from which to learn the art of being one of the most prominent components of the national symbols, And historically most significant element of national identity and cultural Vshnasnamh our civilization is that today the international community The knowledge base and valuable place in Iran and the Iranian identity is. According to the Iranian identity, and the elements are in different categories, So some of these elements as symbols and themes in visual hand-woven Persian carpets are the identity and nationality is Iranian. Visual elements and symbols of the same designs and content areas include hand-woven carpets, In a general classification and the findings of the symbols are plants and trees: Trees (cypress, live), the bush Jqh mutif، lotus flowers (Shah Abbasi) and gardens (Persian), and symbols of animal (human or animal) that include: The role of Bahram Gur, Houshang's role, the role of Darius at Persepolis, the lion, the peacock, of Phoenix, antelope, and symbols of ancient monuments Which include: the construction of Persepolis and Achaemenian carvings, fractional Arch monument. These motifs and themes in visual indicator that the Iranian Carpet over stress national identity, In fact, the stories, beliefs, rituals and myths such as the Shahnameh and Iranian national… To have migrated across the carpet.